The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.